Ibuprofen
Ibuprofen : is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used for pain relief, fever reduction , also has a vasodilation effect
Trade names : Advil, Brufen, Motrin, Nurofen, etc
Routes :Oral, rectal, topical, and intravenous.
Bioavailability : 49–73%
Metabolism : Hepatic
Excrettion: Renal
Trade names : Advil, Brufen, Motrin, Nurofen, etc
Routes :Oral, rectal, topical, and intravenous.
Bioavailability : 49–73%
Metabolism : Hepatic
Excrettion: Renal
Medical uses
Ibuprofen is used primarily for fever, pain, dysmenorrhea and inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. It is also used for pericarditis
Dosage
Ibuprofen has a dose-dependent duration of action of around four to eight hours.
The recommended dose varies with body mass. A dose of 400 mg per dose and 1200 mg per day is considered the maximum amount for over-the-counter use, although, under medical direction, the maximum amount for adults is 800 mg per dose or 3200 mg per day based on an individual's response and tolerance.
Unlike aspirin, which breaks down in solution, ibuprofen is stable, thus it can be available in topical gel form, which is absorbed through the skin.
The recommended dose varies with body mass. A dose of 400 mg per dose and 1200 mg per day is considered the maximum amount for over-the-counter use, although, under medical direction, the maximum amount for adults is 800 mg per dose or 3200 mg per day based on an individual's response and tolerance.
Unlike aspirin, which breaks down in solution, ibuprofen is stable, thus it can be available in topical gel form, which is absorbed through the skin.
Interactions
Drinking alcohol when taking ibuprofen may increase risk of stomach bleeding.
According to the US Food and Drug Administration: ibuprofen can interfere with the antiplatelet effect of low-dose aspirin (81 mg per day), potentially rendering aspirin less effective when used for cardioprotection and stroke prevention. Allowing sufficient time between doses of ibuprofen and aspirin can avoid this problem.
According to the US Food and Drug Administration: ibuprofen can interfere with the antiplatelet effect of low-dose aspirin (81 mg per day), potentially rendering aspirin less effective when used for cardioprotection and stroke prevention. Allowing sufficient time between doses of ibuprofen and aspirin can avoid this problem.
Overdose
Ibuprofen overdose has become common since it was licensed for OTC use. Human response in cases of overdose ranges from absence of symptoms to fatal outcome despite intensive-care treatment.
Symptoms include: abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting , dizziness, headache and tinnitus. Rarely, more severe symptoms, such as gastrointestinal bleeding, metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia, hypotension, tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, coma, hepatic dysfunction, acute renal failure, respiratory depression, and cardiac arrest have been reported. The severity of symptoms varies with the ingested dose and the time elapsed; however, individual sensitivity also plays an important role..
Therapy is largely symptomatic. In cases presenting early, gastric decontamination is recommended. This is achieved using activated charcoal; charcoal adsorbs the drug before it can enter the systemic circulation.
Symptoms include: abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting , dizziness, headache and tinnitus. Rarely, more severe symptoms, such as gastrointestinal bleeding, metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia, hypotension, tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, coma, hepatic dysfunction, acute renal failure, respiratory depression, and cardiac arrest have been reported. The severity of symptoms varies with the ingested dose and the time elapsed; however, individual sensitivity also plays an important role..
Therapy is largely symptomatic. In cases presenting early, gastric decontamination is recommended. This is achieved using activated charcoal; charcoal adsorbs the drug before it can enter the systemic circulation.
Before taking ibuprofen
Do not use ibuprofen just before or after heart bypass surgery.
This medicine may cause life-threatening heart or circulation problems such as heart attack or stroke, especially if you use it long term.
You should not use this medication if you are allergic to ibuprofen, aspirin or other NSAIDs.
Ask a doctor or pharmacist if it is safe for you to take this medication if you have:
· a history of heart attack, stroke, or blood clot;
· heart disease, congestive heart failure, high blood pressure;
· a history of stomach ulcers or bleeding;
· asthma;
· liver or kidney disease;
· a bleeding or blood clotting disorder; or
· if you smoke.
Taking ibuprofen during the last 3 months of pregnancy may harm the unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant while using this medicine. It is not known whether ibuprofen passes into breast milk.
Do not give this medicine to a child without the advice of a doctor.
This medicine may cause life-threatening heart or circulation problems such as heart attack or stroke, especially if you use it long term.
You should not use this medication if you are allergic to ibuprofen, aspirin or other NSAIDs.
Ask a doctor or pharmacist if it is safe for you to take this medication if you have:
· a history of heart attack, stroke, or blood clot;
· heart disease, congestive heart failure, high blood pressure;
· a history of stomach ulcers or bleeding;
· asthma;
· liver or kidney disease;
· a bleeding or blood clotting disorder; or
· if you smoke.
Taking ibuprofen during the last 3 months of pregnancy may harm the unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant while using this medicine. It is not known whether ibuprofen passes into breast milk.
Do not give this medicine to a child without the advice of a doctor.
Ibuprofen side effects
Stop taking this medicine and seek medical attention or call your doctor at once if you have any of these serious side effects:
· chest pain, weakness, shortness of breath, slurred speech, problems with vision or balance;
· black, bloody, or tarry stools, coughing up blood or vomit that looks like coffee grounds;
· urinating less than usual or not at all;
· nausea, upper stomach pain, itching, loss of appetite, jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes);
· fever, sore throat, and headache with a severe blistering, peeling, and red skin rash;
Less serious ibuprofen side effects may include:
· upset stomach, mild heartburn, diarrhea, constipation;
· dizziness, headache, nervousness;
· skin itching or rash;
· blurred vision; or
· ringing in your ears.
· chest pain, weakness, shortness of breath, slurred speech, problems with vision or balance;
· black, bloody, or tarry stools, coughing up blood or vomit that looks like coffee grounds;
· urinating less than usual or not at all;
· nausea, upper stomach pain, itching, loss of appetite, jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes);
· fever, sore throat, and headache with a severe blistering, peeling, and red skin rash;
Less serious ibuprofen side effects may include:
· upset stomach, mild heartburn, diarrhea, constipation;
· dizziness, headache, nervousness;
· skin itching or rash;
· blurred vision; or
· ringing in your ears.